El elasmoterio, conocido como el “unicornio siberiano“, se extinguió hace más de 35, 000 años debido a la reducción de los pastizales de la estepa que habitaba por culpa de un cambio climático, según un estudio publicado hoy.
Este enorme rinoceronte del continente asiático, caracterizado por su extraordinario cuerno, vivió más tiempo de lo que se creía, según una investigación internacional que también aclaró la relación entre este animal extinto y los actuales rinocerontes.
Hasta ahora se creía que este animal de 3,5 toneladas y que habitó en los actuales territorios de Rusia, Kazajistán, Mongolia y China, se extinguió antes de la última Era de Hielo o hace unos 200, 000 años, indicó un comunicado de la Universidad de Adelaida que participó en la investigación.
El estudio analizó los restos de 23 ejemplares de elasmoterio (Elasmotherium sibiricum) y confirmó que éstos vivieron hasta hace entre 39.000 y 35.000 años, lo que significa que estos animales coincidieron con los humanos modernos y los Neanderthals.
Es poco probable que la presencia de los humanos haya sido la causa de la extinción”, señaló Chris Turney, científico climático de la Universidad de Nueva Gales del Sur y uno de los coautores del estudio.
“El unicornio siberiano parece haber sido gravemente afectado por el inicio de la Edad de Hielo en Eurasia cuando una precipitada caída de la temperatura provocó un aumento en la cantidad de suelo congelado, lo que redujo las gramíneas duras y secas existentes, impactando así en las poblaciones de una vasta región “, puntualizó.
Los análisis genéticos realizados por el Centro de ADN Antiguo de la Universidad de Adelaida (ACAD, siglas en inglés) muestran que el “unicornio siberiano” es uno de los últimos miembros sobrevivientes de una familia única de rinocerontes.
Los ancestros del ‘unicornio siberiano’ se dividieron de los antepasados de todos los rinocerontes hace 40 millones de años”, dijo Kieran Mitchell, coautor del estudio e investigador del ACAD.
“Esto hace que el ‘unicornio siberiano’ y el rinoceronte blanco africano sean primos más distantes que los humanos lo son a los monos”, enfatizó Mitchell.
La nueva prueba genética refuta la hipótesis de estudios previos que señalaban que el ‘unicornio siberiano’ es un pariente cercano del extinto rinoceronte lanudo (Coelodonta antiquitatis) o el rinoceronte de Sumatra (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis).
En la actualidad existen cinco especies de rinocerontes, aunque en el pasado existieron hasta 250 especies de estos mamíferos, según el estudio liderado por el Museo Natural de Historia de Londres y publicado en la revista Nature Ecology and Evolution.
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